In this study, children aged 5-7 were given tasks that utilized working memory in one task, children were shown images of frogs on a screen and had to remember their position after they disappeared. Our working memory is utilized in many aspects of our daily lives, including reading comprehension and mental calculations. Working memory is a short-term cognitive process in which a memory is stored, processed, and updated in a short amount of time. These differences between the neurological structure and processing in bilinguals and monolinguals provides bilinguals with improved cognitive abilities (6).Ī study conducted by the University of Granada and the University of York concluded that bilingual children have a more effective working memory than monolinguals. In contrast, bilinguals showed virtually identical responses with and without the background babble. When the sound was played with a background of babble, monolingual teens had a less intense response than when it was played alone. When performing a task that requires a conscious switch between two languages, regions of the brain associated with attention and inhibition (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and language production (left inferior frontal gyrus) are activated, indicating that processing different languages requires different parts of the brain to be activated in bilinguals. Bilinguals showed a larger response than monolinguals. Damage to the LIPC causes uncontrolled language switching, a phenomenon in which a bilingual person alternates between their two languages spontaneously. The magnitude of this increase in volume is greater for individuals who are more proficient in their second language or learned their second language at a younger age. Bilingual exposure enhances individuals brain plasticity and flexibility at higher levels than monolingual exposure it also confers other benefits on the. In bilingual individuals, the volume of gray matter in the left inferior parietal cortex (LIPC) is greater than the volume of gray matter of monolinguals. Studies have shown that bilingualism may also reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.Bilingualism, or fluency in two languages, alters neurological structures, which in turn affects cognitive function and memory. This shows that speaking more than one language may inhibit cognitive decline and help preserve the brain’s white matter. However, scientists have shown through diffusion tensor imaging, which shows the quality and location of white matter in the brain, that older bilingual people had more and higher quality white matter than monolingual people of the same age. Studies have shown that speaking more than one language may actually slow cognitive decline as bilingual and multilingual people grow older.Īs people age, the amount of white matter in the brain naturally begins to decline. Researchers have shown that the bilingual brain can have better attention and task-switching capacities than the monolingual brain, thanks to its developed. Being bilingual helps maintain brain structure, prevents cognitive decline Bilinguals, when talking to other people who speak the same languages, often speak in a mix of both tongues to better express themselves. Many bilingual people have likely told others about a word in one language that simply cannot be translated into another. It can also help them express things in one language that may be absent in the other. Seamlessly switching from one language to another, called “code switching,” may also help bilingual people juggle multiple complex tasks at once and keep their brains active.
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